The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.